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Injury Prevention

The Benefits of Cold Exposure for Cycling & Life

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In recent years, the topic of ice baths and cold exposure have become incredibly popular in the fields of sport, health, and fitness. Beyond the social media videos of people jumping in lakes and tubs full of ice, however, is a discipline that isn’t just for show. It can have a profound impact on your well-being and cycling performance, and this article is going to show you why.

cold exposure

(Image Credit: Adobe Stock)

What Is Cold Exposure?

Cold exposure refers to the practice of deliberately subjecting the body to cold temperatures for varying lengths of time. This can take many forms, including cold showers, ice baths, immersion in natural bodies of water, or even exposure to cold air. Each of these has their own unique benefits and disadvantages. 

Cold Showers

Cold showers are one of the most accessible and moderate ways of introducing yourself to the cold. You can control the temperature if things get too intense, and you’re also only periodically exposing each part of your body to the cold as a result of the directed nozzle. Ending your normal shower with a cold 30 seconds to a minute is a great way to get started.

Cold Bath/Ice Bath

A cold bath or ice bath is a significantly different experience than the shower, because your body is actually submerged in the cold for a given length of time (you don’t actually need ice, your coldest water setting will be plenty). It is best to only submerge your lower body in the beginning, as things get even more intense when the upper body and neck are submerged.

Natural Bodies of Water

Being out in nature and embracing the cold is one of the most invigorating experiences a person can endure. It is also, however, one of the most dangerous. You truly have to surrender to Mother Nature and be able to handle the fact that you have no control of the things outside of you. This mental aspect, though, is also one of cold exposure’s biggest benefits, regardless of setting.

cold exposure

(Image Credit: Adobe Stock)

Benefits of Cold Exposure

The benefits of voluntarily subjecting yourself to the cold are far-reaching, indeed. Prescribing somebody a cold bath, for example, dates as far back as Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, and the classical Greek period (specifically between 460 BC and 370 BC). Cold baths were believed to stimulate the body’s natural healing mechanisms – which turns out to be true. 

Stronger Immune System

Cold exposure is a stress on the body that activates the immune system. Your body responds to the stress by executing a series of defensive processes, similar to fighting off an ailment. This marginal stimulation is similar to the slight tearing of muscle fibers during exercise, which grow back bigger and stronger. The outcome in this context is better disease resistance and immunity.

Brown Fat Production

Brown fat is not like body fat (adipose tissue/”white fat”). It is a metabolically active tissue that helps you regulate your temperature by using body fat as fuel (like a furnace). People who work outside or do regular cold water immersion have higher levels of brown fat, making them more comfortable in the cold, and also serving as an important indicator of health and longevity. 

Improved Circulation

The human body contains a vast network of blood vessels, upwards of 100,000 miles worth (that’s enough to go around the Earth 4 times). When the cold water hits you, everything inside contracts, and blood rushes away from the extremities and towards the core. As you’re warming up, everything dilates, giving this entire network an internal workout and massage.

Waste Removal & Recovery

The flushing of blood helps facilitate recovery through the removal of waste byproducts (such as lactic acid) and the delivery of nutrients to tissues throughout the body. Also, by strengthening your circulatory system through the adaptation to this stressful stimulus, you will be better prepared to recover and perform in future rides, workouts, and other training.

Mood & Alertness

Cold exposure has been shown to produce a staggering increase in noradrenaline and dopamine by 530% and 250%, respectively. Noradrenaline (norepinephrine) is responsible for arousal and alertness, while dopamine is known as the pleasure hormone, and is released when we are doing something that makes us feel good (and also depressed when we are feeling…depressed).

Mental Resilience

Cyclists know how tough our sport is, and how important the capacity to deal with discomfort is. Voluntary cold exposure allows a person to consistently and systematically override their fear response and learn how to handle stressful situations and sensations. Not only is this beneficial for your riding, but for every other area of stress management in life, as well.

(Image Credit: Adobe Stock)

How Do I Do Cold Exposure? 

Start slow. As we’ve already established, getting into cold water is a stressful event, and needs to be taken seriously. Many people say they don’t like the cold or even hate the cold, and that cold exposure is something they could never do. Well if that’s you, you’re not alone…but you can do it. Here’s some quick technique tips followed by a few pieces of beginner advice.

Technique Tips

Breathing is your biggest friend when doing cold exposure. When you get into the water, everything contracts, and your breath will want to become short and shallow. If this continues, you will panic and get out. Focus on forcing in a big inhale, and then slowly exhaling with as much control as possible, no matter how uncomfortable. 

This will signal your body to relax and surrender to the cold, where you can then focus on managing the discomfort through control of your mind and focus on your breath. You’ll notice as you practice that the less control you have over your breath, the harder it will be to stay in the water, and vice versa.

Recent studies have shown that 11 minutes TOTAL throughout a given week is enough to achieve many of the benefits of cold exposure. This doesn’t mean 11 minutes at a time, but spread out over the course of 7 days. Daily 2 minute exposures in an uncomfortable, yet tolerable, temperature is a great goal to aim for.

Beginner Advice

A cold shower is one of the easiest ways to start. End your shower with a cold shower by turning the tap as cold as it can go (or in between, if you’re really hesitant). The low back and buttocks are the least sensitive, so they can be good places to start. Try 10-15 seconds (or longer). Slowly increase this time until you can do 2 minutes on cold with water covering your entire body.

The next step would be a cold bath. Keep in mind that this will be substantially more intense than the shower. Fill the tub with your coldest water. For your first time, only fill half way so just the lower body is submerged. Try to stay in for two minutes. You can progress to full body submersion to the neck when you feel comfortable. Take your time.

Natural bodies of water should not be attempted until you have built up a high level of confidence in the tub. You should also never be alone. Especially if it is fall/winter time, the water outside will be even colder than the tub (approx. 2-3℃ to 7-8℃, respectively), and you will have other things to deal with like wind, noises, etc. Safety is the most important thing.

After you get out of cold water (shower, tub, or otherwise), try to avoid hopping right into a hot shower or wrapping yourself in blankets. Much of the strengthening and immunity benefits comes from your body working hard to warm itself up through shivering, which also releases a molecule (called succinate) that stimulates the production of brown fat.

ice bath

(Image Credit: Adobe Stock)

When Should I Do Cold Exposure? 

For cyclists, and athletes in general, there has been some controversy about when cold exposure should be done for the best results. There is evidence showing that immersion in cold water is an effective recovery tool after endurance and high-intensity training (which cycling would fall under). But is after always the most ideal?

When we look at the question scientifically, it’s actually pretty straightforward. When you exercise, you damage the tissue in a minor way, which causes inflammation in the body. These inflammatory markers serve as important signals for the body to repair the tissue and adapt to the stressors that you’ve applied to it. Cold exposure, as we’ve determined, reduces inflammation.

This can work both for and against us. If we are competing in a multi-day event or have to recover quickly between sessions, doing cold exposure immediately after a ride or bout of training can help us recover through reduced muscle soreness, restoration of muscular power and improved perceived feelings of recovery. 

If, however, we are just on a normal training schedule where we aren’t competing, there aren’t time constraints, and we’re looking to reap the long-term benefits of each training session, the protocol is different. Cold exposure should then be done before or significantly after (4+ hours) our training so we don’t inhibit the inflammatory/adaptation process from occurring. 

Closing Thoughts on Cold Exposure

Having cold showers and immersing yourself in cold water is proving to be a phenomenal way to promote long-term health, mood elevation, and athletic performance. Overall, it is an accessible tool that we can all try, experience, and learn from. Something to help us take control of our well-being, ride pain-free, and enjoy the sport of cycling and life as a whole. 

How to Treat & Avoid Shoulder Pain While Cycling

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In cycling, the shoulder doesn’t get challenged in many ways, apart from the load we bear as a result of leaning on the handlebars. Many of us have experienced shoulder pain while cycling, and it can be largely due to a number of factors, including the inadequate stimulation of all the tissues that surround, support, and move this complex joint.

shoulder pain cycling

(Image credit: anut21ng/Adobe Stock)

Shoulder injuries are one of the most common gradual onset injuries in recreational cyclists. This means that they develop slowly over time, usually as a result of the overuse of some muscles to the neglect of others. It often starts as a dull, aching sensation that gets worse with further use, as opposed to a sharp, acute pain that we really only see as a result of falls and accidents.

It’s important to know that the most mobile joint in the human body is the shoulder joint. Several bones, muscles and other tissues have influence on its structural integrity and movement capacity, which can make the causes of non-specific shoulder pain from cycling hard to identify. However, there are some common issues cyclists face simply due to the nature of the sport.

Poor Bike Fit & Prolonged Riding

Making sure your bike is fitted properly to your body is always one of the first things you should check when addressing pain. This is because as cyclists we stay more or less in the same positions for long periods of time, making us incredibly susceptible to overuse injuries and muscle imbalances.

If your handlebars are too low or too far away from you, it will force you to lean more forward, and you’ll resultantly have to support more of your bodyweight over the handlebars than you would otherwise. Think of an incline pushup (where your hands are elevated on something), and how the pushup gets harder as you move your hands lower towards the floor.

The constant weight bearing on the arms has a significant effect on the shoulder, and can often result in something called shoulder impingement syndrome. Pain when lifting the arms, pain while trying to reach overhead or behind you, pain in the front/side of the shoulder, arm weakness and stiffness are all symptoms of shoulder impingement syndrome.

Two of your four rotator cuff muscles (infraspinatus, supraspinatus) have tissues that pass between the humerus (upper arm bone) and acromion (top outer part of the shoulder blade). Constant load bearing on the arms, like you see in cycling, can compress, rub against, pinch or otherwise impinge upon these tissues, resulting in the symptoms previously listed.

(Image credit: VectorMine/Adobe Stock)

How to Fix It

  1. Get a professional bike fitting: Find a local shop that can do it in person or use an AI app like MyVeloFit to do it yourself at home. Either way, ensuring your bike is fitted to your body will immediately reduce your likelihood of injury and increase comfort while riding.
  2. Reduce cycling intensity: If you are dealing with some sort of shoulder impingement syndrome, you can see, just by its nature, how it’s not a problem you can simply work through. The body needs time to let this irritating condition settle while you work on creating more balance throughout the joint (next step).
  3. Strengthen the rotator cuff muscles: Cycling doesn’t challenge the shoulder in many ways, which is a disaster for shoulder health. It needs complex stimulation from a variety of exercises. Having a well-balanced program that trains the shoulder from all angles and in all positions is key to avoiding shoulder pain from cycling.

Faulty Breathing, Tense Neck & Shoulders

These three things are all related, and commonly found in the average cyclist. Because of the intimate and complex relationship between the humerus (upper arm), clavicle (collarbone), scapula (shoulder blade) and all their attaching tissues (which collectively form the shoulder joint), compromising any one of them can negatively influence the others.

x-ray showing shoulder joint

This x-ray shows the complex arrangement of bones that meet to form the shoulder joint. (Image credit: Nut/Adobe Stock)

Cyclists are prone to inefficient breathing and excessive stress on the neck through their positioning on the bike. The head juts forward and back the more you bend over on the bike, this can place a load of 60+ pounds on your cervical (neck) spine, because the head’s weight gets multiplied every inch it moves forward in front of the body.

A forward folded position can also inhibit movement of the diaphragm, your primary respiratory muscle. This encourages you to breathe through the chest, which strains small secondary respiratory muscles in your neck responsible for lifting the ribs. Because cycling is such a cardio-intensive activity, this type of breathing can cause significant irritation.

Both of these things can carry over into daily life, and both can contribute to shoulder pain while cycling. By compromising the head, neck and upper back through poor breathing and positioning, the shoulder will have no choice but to try and compensate. This is one example of how shoulder pain is not always directly linked to the shoulder itself, but its surrounding parts.

How to Fix It

  1. Strengthen the neck extensors & upper back: The muscles that pull your head back, as well as extend (flatten) your upper back, tend to get very weak if all you do is cycle. This is because they are constantly being stretched out on the bike. This article will show you what exercises to do and why they work for less neck and shoulder pain while riding.
  2. Practice diaphragmatic breathing: This means breathing into your belly. Most neck and head pain in cyclists can be attributed to faulty chest/neck breathing patterns. A good exercise is lying back over an exercise ball and taking long deep breaths. This stretches the abdominals while stimulating the diaphragm and forcing it to be more active.
  3. Relax the neck: Stretching the neck muscles prior to and even during your ride can force them to relax while you focus on breathing more into your belly. Being conscious of how much tension you’re holding in your shoulders will also be beneficial. Try to catch yourself while riding if your shoulders get shrugged up close to the ears.

Note on Nutrition & Cycling Shoulder Pain

Many people fail to consider the role of the organs when it comes to shoulder pain in cyclists. The phrenic nerve is a major nerve that originates from the third to fifth cervical spine nerves (C3-C5) in the neck. It descends through the thorax (chest cavity) and travels between the lungs, in front of the heart and along the surface of the diaphragm. 

You have two phrenic nerves, one going down the left and right side of the body. If the stomach, which is on the left side of the body, gets too distended or inflamed, it can press on the diaphragm and irritate the left phrenic nerve. Similarly on the right side, if the liver becomes enlarged, it can press on the right phrenic nerve via the diaphragm.

When these tissues become irritated or inflamed, they can send pain signals to the spinal cord through the sensory fibers of the phrenic nerve. In the spinal cord, the incoming pain signals from the phrenic nerve can activate nerve cells (neurons) that also receive sensory input from other areas of the body, including the shoulder. This is called referred pain.

Attention should be paid to the diet of a cyclist who is experiencing shoulder pain, especially if physio/massage interventions are proving ineffective. Stomach problems can contribute to left shoulder pain/weakness, and liver problems can do the same for the right shoulder. Common irritants like dairy, gluten and alcohol should be looked at as initial culprits.

Phrenic nerve

Phrenic nerve, highlighted in yellow. This is a frontal view. The diaphragm is the large dome-shaped muscle at the bottom. Under the elevated right side would sit the liver, and under the left side would sit the stomach. (Image credit: vesalii/Adobe Stock)

Eliminate Cycling Shoulder Pain!

By incorporating a well-rounded strength, mobility, flexibility and injury-prevention plan into your training, you can greatly reduce the risk of injury to your shoulders and every other part of your body. That is exactly what the programming at Dynamic Cyclist is designed to do. Try us out for 7-days FREE by clicking here!

The Importance of the Psoas Stretch for Cyclists

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Your primary hip flexor, psoas major, is a muscle that seems to have its hand in just about everything. When it comes to cycling, we are constantly putting it into a shortened position through contraction in the upstroke and our bent forward, flexed hip postures on the bike. This article will show why having a psoas stretch or two in your recovery toolbox might save you from countless days of lost riding due to tension, pain, and ache. 

cyclist with lower back pain

We’ll see later in this article how the psoas muscle is one of the main causes of lower back pain in cyclists. (Image credit: Beaunitta Van Wyk/Adobe Stock)

Sounds dramatic, doesn’t it? Well, the truth about this tissue is a tricky one, especially in our sport. When we say it has a hand in everything, we really mean it. It is (perhaps infamously) known as the stress muscle because of its proclivity towards holding tension as a result of stress and trauma in all areas of our lives.

For example, the psoas has an intimate relationship with the diaphragm, your primary respiratory (breathing) muscle. They cross over each other and share nerve innervations through similar vertebral segments of the spine. Dysfunction in one can cause problems in the other.

Cycling is unique in that there is a lot of cardiorespiratory stress, and also postural stress on the body because of how it has to move with the bicycle. A proper bike fit can certainly help, but there is simply no way around the fact that our hip flexors are going to get smashed as a result of too much biking. 

Psoas Anatomy & Positioning on the Bike

psoas stretch

(Image credit: VectorMine/Adobe Stock)

Our psoas is the only muscle that connects the upper and lower body. It attaches to all five of the lumbar (lower back) vertebrae, which is slightly troublesome (sarcasm) if you’re going to be chronically shortening it, as is the case with cyclists, but also just people in general with modern lifestyles that involve a lot of sitting at desks, on couches, and in cars.

The reason is because as the psoas shortens, it starts to pull on those lumbar vertebrae. This hyperextends the back into a position called lordosis, and consequently tilts the pelvis forward into a position called anterior pelvic tilt. Tightness in the hip flexor muscles also weaken their opposing muscles, the glutes (butt), in what is known as reciprocal inhibition.

anterior pelvic tilt
Different pelvic positions. (Credit: sumaki/Adobe Stock)

Cycling exacerbates this process because of the positioning of our hips while riding. They are always in a somewhat flexed position, even at the end of our downstroke. This constant flexion is a recipe for psoas tightness, and is one of the reasons why cyclists are plagued with so much lower back pain.


Notice the position of this cyclist’s left hip. It is almost completely flexed, further exacerbated by her bent forward torso. (Image credit: Artem Varnitsin/Adobe Stock)

Benefits of Psoas Stretching for Cyclists

A testament to this muscle’s activity while we ride is that it has a bigger volume in more competitive cyclists, and grows even further with intense cycling training. By performing a variety of psoas stretches on off-days or even during and/or after your ride, it’s possible to mitigate the effects of psoas stiffness that will inevitably inhibit its function and wreak havoc throughout the rest of your body.

More than half of cyclists experience low back pain, and much of that can be attributed to dysfunction in the muscles surrounding the hip joint. Not only can a tight psoas pull on your lower back and anteriorly tilt your pelvis, but it can disrupt the timing and action of different muscles, causing some to overwork and others to become weak and underutilized.

As previously mentioned, there is a distinct relationship between the psoas and how you breathe because of its proximity to the diaphragm. Cyclist’s are already prone to faulty breathing patterns through their bent forward postures and the cardio demand of the sport. All the more reason to take care of our hips so they don’t contribute to what is often a cause of neck pain in cyclists.

Psoas Stretches

Below you’ll find some excellent hip flexor stretches that you can incorporate into your recovery routines, downtime, and even pre/during/post ride if you are experiencing low back pain as a suspected result of hip flexor tightness. Stretching before/during a ride can cause a subtle relaxing effect on the hyperactive hip flexor muscles, sometimes alleviating the pain that would otherwise arise.

Half Camel

half camel stretch

Instructions:

  1. Start in a kneeling position with your knees, hips, and shoulders all stacked posturally on top of one another
  2. Place your hands on your hips or lower back
  3. Gently press forward and arch backwards, feeling a stretch in the abdominals and front of the hip
  4. Hold here for one minute

The psoas sits deep inside your abdomen, attaching to all the lumbar vertebrae. This stretch serves as a gentle opener to the hip and mid-section, and strives to reach into those internal fibers to help them release tension and relax. This is a great one to do in between periods of sitting.

Lifted Hip Flexor Stretch

lifted hip flexor stretch

Instructions: 

  1. Rest one foot on top of a chair, focus on squaring your hips forward
  2. Keeping your chest tall, press the hips forward, extending your elevated leg behind you
  3. Hold for one minute
  4. Switch to the other leg
  5. Hold for one minute

This stretch allows you to go slightly deeper into the psoas muscle by keeping the torso erect and elevating the back leg. The elevation forces the hip to go into greater extension, which is the inverse function of the psoas and other hip flexor muscles.

Low Lunge Quad Stretch

low lunge quad stretch

Instructions:

  1. Start in a kneeling lunge position, both legs bent at 90°
  2. Squeeze your butt to tilt your pelvis backwards into a neutral position
  3. Engage your core at the same time to lock the position in place
  4. From here, gently stretch the back quad and hip muscles by pressing the hips forward
  5. Hold for one minute
  6. Switch to the other leg
  7. Hold for one minute

Your rectus femoris is a quadricep muscle that gets hammered while cycling. It has a dual function of knee extension and hip flexion, both repetitive movements in pedaling. Since they’re both hip flexors, by releasing the rectus femoris it helps the psoas to relax as well.

Get Rid of Cycling Back Pain!

Are you tired of suffering from back pain and discomfort while cycling? Look no further than Dynamic Cyclist. This comprehensive resource addresses the most common muscle imbalances and adaptive muscle shortening that lead to pain and reduced performance on the bike. With just 15 minutes a day, you can follow along with the video programs to alleviate tension and improve posture, so you can ride pain free and reach your full potential on the bike. Try out their 2 month Low Back Focus program and experience the results for yourself. Click here to try 7 days free!

The Ultimate Guide to Cycling Neck Pain: Causes and Solutions

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Cycling neck pain is one of those nagging issues that can really hinder the other aspects of your life. The muscles in your neck are constantly supporting your breathing, interacting with your shoulders, holding up your head, and countless other important functions liable to irritate any pain, soreness, or injury that could be developing or already present from cycling. 

The reality of our sport means that the neck is going to have to sit in some uncomfortable positions from time to time. In fact, up to 60% of cyclists experience some sort of discomfort in this area. Whether our necks are prepared to go into those positions, how we can prepare them, and what we can do to optimize our necks on the bike will be the focus of this article. 

Neck pain from cycling doesn’t have to slow you down, and we’re here to help you fix it once and for all.

neck pain

(Image credit: SciePro/Adobe Stock)

Causes of Cycling Neck Pain

Does cycling cause neck pain? The short answer is yes, but the reasons behind it can be complicated. We have to approach the topic of cycling neck pain through a wide-angle lens, because it’s seldom a single factor causing the problem. 

Forward Head Posture (FHP)

FHP is an epidemic not just amongst cyclists but the general populace as a whole. The term is referring to the forward position of the cranium (head) relative to the shoulders and spine. Also commonly called text neck, scholar’s neck, or computer neck posture because of its correlation and likelihood of development after prolonged texting, reading, or spending time on a computer.

What many people don’t realize is that their head, on average, weighs 10-12 pounds, and that this weight gets amplified tremendously as the head moves/tilts forward from the midline. For every inch of FHP, it adds roughly 10 pounds to the head. As you can see in the below picture, this can equate to the neck having to support 60+ pounds of sustained pressure throughout the day.


(Image credit: New York Spine Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine)

The big ropes you see on the sides of a person’s neck are called your sternocleidomastoid muscles. These muscles get overdeveloped and tight as a result of FHP, and can also flatten the natural backwards curve in your cervical spine. These conditions strain the neck, reduce blood flow to the brain, and weaken the extensors of the neck resulting in reduced stability. 

Cycling naturally puts us in positions of FHP, and trains us to hold those positions for long periods of time. Leaning over the handlebars causes the head to protrude forward and the neck to crane back in order to keep our eyes level with the horizon (righting reflex). Because these positions are unavoidable, we have to find ways to correct them in other parts of our training.

cycling neck pain

Notice the position of the head and neck of this cyclist; protruding forward, craned back. (Image credit: Artem Varnitsin/Adobe Stock)

Improper Breathing

Breathing and neck pain are intimately connected. Optimal inhalation is accounted for primarily by the diaphragm, a large, thin sheet of muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. When contracted, its dome shape flattens out to pull air into the lungs and create room for them to expand. If it’s stiff or not functioning properly, however, other muscles get overloaded.

A muscle group in this category is known as the scalenes. They work as accessory respiratory muscles to help you inhale by lifting the first two ribs. When a person breathes through their chest as opposed to their diaphragm, these muscles get overworked and start to become irritated as a result. Chronic neck pain is often improved by addressing these kinds of faulty patterns.


The three muscles of the scalene group; anterior, medial, posterior. Notice the insertions on ribs one and two. (Image credit: Mikael Häggström/Public Domain)

Because cycling is a cardiovascular intensive sport, coupled with the positions we find ourselves in while riding, make it probable that we will develop a faulty breathing pattern that overworks the neck. Being folded over on the bike can discourage movement of the diaphragm and push our breath up into the chest, where we are only able to inhale ⅓ of the oxygen we could otherwise.

Opening up the breath through breathing re-education exercises, fixing the posture, and corrective stretching are all tools we can use to help combat this issue. By now you’re probably starting to see the links between these causes and how they all can contribute to cycling neck pain.

Upper Cross Syndrome (UCS)

Upper cross syndrome (UCS) is a postural imbalance that occurs as a result of prolonged sitting or standing in a forward head and rounded shoulder posture. It is characterized by tightness in the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and pectoralis major muscles, as well as weakness in the deep cervical flexors, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior.

upper cross syndrome (UCS)

(Image credit: art4stock/Adobe Stock)

Cycling requires a sustained forward head and rounded shoulder posture, which can exacerbate UCS. The tightness in the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and pectoralis major muscles can cause increased tension and compression in the cervical spine, as well as inhibit your breathing, which all further contribute to the problem.

Additionally, weakness in the deep cervical flexors, serratus anterior, and lower trapezius muscles can lead to decreased stabilization of the cervical spine. This can be especially problematic for cyclists who spend prolonged periods in a forward head position, as the neck muscles are required to maintain stability and support the weight of the head.

Poor Bike Fit

Having an improperly fitted bike is going to exacerbate all of the above causes of neck pain in cyclists. Symptoms of a poor bike fit include:

  • Handlebars too low or having to reach too far forward
    • Rounds the back/shoulders and closes the chest, encourages forward head posture
  • Arms locked out in extension
    • Having a soft bend in the elbows allows force from the handlebars to be cushioned while riding, otherwise reverberating up into the neck
  • Saddle tipped too far forward
    • This increases weight bearing load on the arms and increases the likelihood of the previous point occurring
  • Poor adjustment of helmet and/or eyeglasses
    • A helmet too low on the head will cause a cyclist to crane their neck excessively, the same problem will occur with eyeglasses sitting too low on the nose

Solutions for Cycling Neck Pain

The causes of neck pain in cyclists are often co-contributing to one another, sometimes making it difficult to pinpoint the exact root of the problem. However, there are some common preventative/corrective measures we can take to help alleviate the above causes and more by following the advice below.

Strengthen the Upper Back & Neck Extensors

To combat forward head posture and upper cross syndrome that develops as a result of cycling (and other modern activities like office work and driving), we can do exercises in our supplemental training to strengthen the muscles that get weak and hyperactive as a result of improper positioning/loading. 

Here are two exercises to help address this:

Prone Cobra/Cobra Hold

Instructions:

  1. Lying prone on your mat, pull your shoulder blades down and together so your arms are in a position like our coach Alisha’s (pictured above)
  2. From here, lift your chest as high as possible off the ground
  3. Squeeze the shoulder blades together, flatten and extend the mid back, and contract the glutes and lower back muscles as well
  4. Keep your neck in a neutral position by pulling it backwards (think of making a double chin)
  5. Hold this position for 30 seconds
  6. Rest for 30 seconds
  7. Repeat three times

This exercise works the mid/upper back, as well as the extensors of the neck in a static hold, which is important for postural endurance. Increased strength in these areas has multiple benefits, including a significantly reduced risk of concussions.

Wall Lean

Instructions:

  1. Start with your feet about one foot away from the wall
  2. Place a towel behind your head and lean into it, keeping the body in a stiff, neutral position (straight line)
  3. Support yourself with your neck in this position, if it is too easy, you can place your feet farther away from the wall
  4. Hold for 30 seconds
  5. Rest for 30 seconds
  6. Repeat three times

The wall lean is a simple exercise to work the neck extensors, which get weak if the head is constantly protruding forward. Strengthening these muscles will help correct forward head posture and pull the head back into better alignment.

Stretch the Sternocleidomastoid, Shoulder & Chest

It is important to couple the following stretches with the above strengthening exercises. These muscles are getting tight and causing neck pain because they’re working hard to try and support us in unnatural positions on the bike. If we stretch them without providing support through corrective strengthening we will only further our risk of pain and injury. 

Try these three stretches to counter the muscle tightness that develops from cycling and contributes to neck pain in cyclists:

Lateral Neck Stretch

Instructions:

  1. Stand in a relaxed and comfortable position
  2. Tilt your head gently to one side, make sure to avoid tilting forward or backward
  3. Rest your hand on the top side of your head
  4. Don’t pull, but let the weight of your hand gently stretch your neck to the side
  5. Hold for 15-30 seconds
  6. Repeat on other side

Cyclists with neck pain will help release a likely hyperactive sternocleidomastoid muscle by performing this stretch. Coupled with the neck and upper back exercises listed above, you’ll be offering multiple modes of relief to the painful areas.

Dynamic Shoulder Rolls

Instructions:

  1. Stand with your shoulders relaxed
  2. Roll your shoulders up high towards your ears, then back (squeezing your shoulder blades together), and finally back down and pulling away from your ears
  3. Complete these circles continuously for 30 seconds
  4. Reverse the motion, rolling your shoulders forward
  5. Repeat for another 30 seconds

This simple exercise helps loosen up and mobilize your shoulder blade and trapezius muscle. The upper trapezius and levator scapulae muscles often get tight as a result of cycling. This movement helps loosen them and is great to do pre/post ride.

Single Arm Chest Stretch w/Wall

Instructions:

  1. Start facing the wall with your arm straight out to the side (shoulder height), palm against the wall
  2. Staying close to the wall, slowly rotate away from your arm until you feel a stretch in the chest and front of the shoulder
  3. Hold here for 30 seconds
  4. Switch to the other arm and repeat

Tight chest and shoulder muscles are common with faulty breathing patterns that often develop as a result of cycling. By opening up these tissues we also open up our lung capacity so that the muscles in our neck don’t have to work so hard as we inhale. 

Professional Bike Fitting/ AI Bike Fitting

To avoid exacerbating all of the aforementioned causes of neck pain in cyclists, it’s recommended that you find a reputable local bike fitter to help optimize the positioning on your bike to your unique body and proportions.

Another option is to use an at home bike fitting app like MyVeloFit. This app utilizes the power of AI to analyze your bike fit and make recommendations on how to correctly adjust different components of the bike and ensure your joint angles fall into the optimal range.

The money and time you spend on a bike fit, whether it’s at home or in person, will most certainly be returned in the form of saved physiotherapy, chiropractic, and massage therapy appointments long-term.

Prevent Cycling Neck Pain & Become A Stronger Cyclist!

The above solutions were borrowed from our programming over at Dynamic Cyclist, a fully online and interactive training platform designed for the health and well-being of people in our sport. We address mobility, strength training, injury prevention and more in routines that are fun to follow-along with! Try it out FREE for 7-days by clicking here!

Anterior Pelvic Tilt: How To Correct Imbalances & Improve Performance

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Two of the most common problems amongst cyclists are knee pain and lower back pain. In fact, 94% of cyclists experienced injury during a one-year period of study; low back pain and anterior knee pain being prevalent for 58% and 36% of participants, respectively. While the causes of these issues are numerous and varied, there are several similar originating factors between them, and consequently a structured approach to relieving them short and long-term. 

One of those commonalities is the presence of an anterior pelvic tilt in the cyclist’s body. This basically translates to the pelvis, which is the bony structure that your spine sits on and your femurs attach to (it also supports the intestines, contains the bladder, reproductive organs, colon, and more), is tilted farther forward than normal.

anterior pelvic tilt

Different pelvic positions. (Credit: sumaki/Adobe Stock)

This has ramifications for the entire body, and can be the source of much pain and dysfunction in cyclists at all levels of performance, especially compared to non-cycling individuals. In this article we’re going to talk about why anterior pelvic tilt tends to develop in cyclist’s, the problems it can cause, and what we can do to prevent it from happening.

Common Causes of Anterior Pelvic Tilt in Cyclists

When we look at a cyclist positioned on her bike, there are some immediate red flags that we can point out as likely contributors to this postural phenomena we’re calling anterior pelvic tilt. We’re about to see very quickly that just the way people ride their bikes in general (because of their design) is one of the biggest pieces of this puzzle. 


Use this picture for reference when reading the next section. (Credit: Artem Varnitsin/Adobe Stock)

Compressed Hips

If you look at the picture above, our rider has her left leg at the top of a pedal stroke. If we look at her left hip, it’s in a fully flexed position, accentuated by her bent forward torso. Because this happens thousands of times every time we trek out for a lengthy cruise, our poor hip flexor muscles are being subjected to a lot of short, cramped positions. Over time, this will make them tight.

Tight hip flexors are one of the main causes of anterior pelvic tilt, resulting also in lower back pain. The reason for this is because one of your main hip flexors, the psoas major, attaches to all five of your lumbar (lower back) vertebrae. When the psoas becomes short and tight, it pulls on all those vertebrae, arching your lower back, and tipping your pelvis forward.


Psoas Major. Notice its attachments to all of the lumbar vertebrae. (Credit: SciePro/Adobe Stock)

Other aspects of our modern lifestyles (mainly sitting, by way of office work, driving, and excessive leisure time) further overwork our hip flexors and encourage them to stay tight 24/7. It’s an inevitable part of riding, and something we need to address it in order to get our hips and spine back into a good position.

Weak Glutes

Having a strong backside is not only attractive, but also incredibly important for keeping your pelvis in a balanced, neutral alignment. The gluteus maximus in particular is your biggest, most powerful hip extensor, and is crucial to maintaining good posture through its action of posteriorly rotating the pelvis and counteracting the pull of the hip flexors. 

Our hips never fully extend while we’re cycling. This is largely due to the fact that we’re always hinged over at the hips to keep our hands on the handlebars, and almost completely folded in half when dropping down into the aero position. Cycling has been promoted in the past as a good activity for developing our glutes, but these positions unfortunately make that almost impossible.


Biomechanically, the positions we get into while pedaling make it hard to recruit our gluteus maximus. (Credit: Jacek Dylag/Unsplash)

Because the gluteus maximus is such a big powerful muscle, it often needs intense, full hip extension to be optimally stimulated for growth and development. Cycling doesn’t offer that, and in fact causes the body to recruit secondary hip extensors (hamstrings) to do most of the hip extension as an energy conservation method. Weak glutes = anterior pelvic tilt.

Weak Abdominal Muscles

Cycling primarily occurs in what is called the sagittal plane of movement. This plane divides the body down the middle (refer to below picture) so it is split evenly in half, and accounts for forward/backward movements. There is slight frontal plane (side to side) motion when shifting weight from pedal to pedal and leaning to take hard corners, but it is minimal.


The three anatomical body planes and corresponding motions in the human body. (Credit: VectorMine/Adobe Stock)

This is important because our core musculature needs to be challenged in all planes of movement to function correctly. We need to learn to brace and be strong while twisting, moving our legs independently of our torso, lifting loads off the ground, etc. Cycling limits these opportunities by keeping us fixed and reliant on the bike frame in place of support from our core musculature.

Muscles like the exterior obliques, rectus abdominis and transversus abdominis stabilize the back by creating intra-abdominal pressure and influence the position of the pelvis by rotating it backwards. Cycling discourages mechanisms like this from happening whilst riding, allowing our pelvis to be pulled forward by the hip flexors while the core remains relatively dormant.

Other Causes of Anterior Pelvic Tilt in Cyclists

Having your bike properly fitted is essential to avoid a whole host of injuries, pain, and dysfunction, including anterior pelvic tilt. Having a saddle too high will force you to learn forward excessively to reach the handlebars, compressing the hip joint. If it’s too low, your hip will be forced into extreme flexion at the top of the pedal stroke, further tightening the hip flexors.


Our partners at MyVeloFit offer an AI powered bike fitting app you can use to adjust your bike right at home. (Credit: MyVeloFit)

There are other factors in a person’s lifestyle that are going to encourage anterior pelvic tilt, these include: Having a sedentary job, driving, spending a lot of time sitting on couches and chairs, not participating in any type of explosive movements like sprinting and jumping, etc. All of these things contribute to tight hips, weak glutes, and bad posture overall.

Symptoms of Anterior Pelvic Tilt in Cyclists

Without getting a professional postural assessment done on your body, there are some common symptoms you may be able to relate to that point to an anterior pelvic tilt being present in the body. Some of these include:

  • Knee pain: When the pelvis tilts forward, it internally rotates the femur (your thigh bone). This puts awkward strain on the structures in your knee, resulting in pain and discomfort.
  • Lower back pain & tightness: Excessive pull from the hip flexors can arch your lower back into a posture known as lordosis, often resulting in significant ache, pain, and tightness of the lower back muscles.
  • Mid back tightness: When the lower back arches excessively, sometimes the mid back will round to compensate posturally. This chronically stretches muscles in the mid back, making them feel like they need to be stretched, when actually they need to be strengthened.
  • Distended abdomen: When the pelvis tilts forward it stretches the muscles on the front of your abdomen, making them weak over team. This results in a loss of abdominal tone, and a belly that sags forward as the organs fall against a weak abdominal wall.
  • Loss of power on the bike: If the core can’t maintain optimal stability, it can’t create a strong base for your legs to push off while pedaling, resulting in a loss of power.
  • Hip pain: An individual is likely to experience ache, discomfort, and pain in the hip if the hip flexor muscles are being overworked and holding excessive tension even in time spent off the bike.

Prevention Strategies for Anterior Pelvic Tilt in Cyclists

While the picture we’ve painted so far hasn’t been favourable to our beloved sport, hope is far from lost for those of us with a tilted pelvis! Actually, the fixes for this problem, depending on the cause(s), can be quite straightforward and easy to integrate with some supplemental training. Try out some of these protocols and see what they do for you and your cycling performance.

Hip Flexor Mobility & Stretching

It has become evident now throughout the duration of this article that the hip flexors are major culprits in cyclists with anterior pelvic tilt. To combat the stiffness that is bound to develop in our time on the bike, we can actively work to lengthen and mobilize these muscles so they rest and function in a more balanced position.

Give this exercise a try, the Reverse Lunge w/Leg Lift. It offers an amazing blend of benefits for the hips as a whole. Stepping back into a deep lunge helps lengthen the hip flexors and also strengthen them in those stretched positions at the same time. The added leg lift (and lunge action in general) also helps to strengthen the glutes and pull the pelvis back down into a neutral position.

Perform three sets of 10 reps per leg, adjusting as necessary. You can also hold a dumbbell in front of you for extra intensity.

Strengthen the Glutes

As previously mentioned, the gluteus maximus, your body’s largest muscle, is our most powerful hip extensor, and plays an important role in maintaining a neutral pelvis by rotating it backwards. If we aren’t getting enough activation of this muscle through our riding, then we need to make up for it in our strength and conditioning routine. Here are some ways to make it stronger.

Any sort of squat, lunge, or deadlift type exercise is going to stimulate the glutes and help them develop. A great bang for your buck exercise is the Jump Squat to Jumping Jack, because it combines a deep squat with a jumping jack which forces you to spread your legs and extend the hips simultaneously, an amazing stimulus for all the muscles in your posterior and lateral hip.

See how you feel doing three sets of 10 reps, adding more or less sets/reps to moderate difficulty.

Strengthen the Core

Being fixed on the bike through the saddle and handlebars discourages any significant use of our abdominal musculature. The bike does all the stabilizing for us, a much different environment than a soccer player sprinting down the pitch or a powerlifter lifting a heavy squat. Certain muscles in our abdomen help to posteriorly rotate the pelvis and counter the pull of the hip flexors. Those are the ones we are going to focus on in this next exercise.

The deadbug is a wonderful introduction to low back/trunk stability and overall core strength. The main focus is keeping your lower back flat on the ground as you move alternating arm/leg away from the torso. By keeping you back flat, you’re using your exterior obliques and rectus abdominis to counter the pull of your hip flexors, and strengthen the core in concert with your extremities.

Three sets of 10 total reps (five/side) is a good start for this exercise. If you feel your lower back coming off the ground, limit the range of motion of your limbs so you can maintain that hollow position. 

Build a Better Body With Dynamic Cyclist

The above exercises were pulled from our extensive mobility, strength, and conditioning programming over at Dynamic Cyclist! We have hundreds of follow along instructional videos and routines to help you correct postural problems, prevent injury, get stronger, and become an overall better cyclist in the comfort of your own home! Sign up for a 7-day free trial by heading over to our website.

Ride Pain Free: Stretching & Mobility Program for Cyclists

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Do you experience pain while riding? 

As avid cyclists ourselves, we know firsthand the toll that years of hard-earned riding can do to your back, your knees, your muscles, and your body in general. Nasty spills, the same positions, countless pedals, arduous climbs, burning lungs, and everything else that makes the challenges we face on the bike that much more rewarding…it all has a price.

We often come out on the other end with tight muscles, achy joints and chronic pain. This begs the question: “Is cycling itself the problem?”

Well, yes and no. 

Yes, because there are components to the sport of cycling that encourage the development of overuse injuries. The fact that we remain stationary in a seated position while riding, that we are hunched over to reduce wind resistance, and that we tend to ride for hours at a time over incredibly long distances (to name a few).

No, because there are things we can do to prevent our bodies from breaking down so we can continue to enjoy and excel at the sport we love.

And it’s these preventative measures that inspired us to write a book… 

Ride Pain Free: Stretching & Mobility Program for Cyclists

stretching and mobility program for cyclists

I Love Bicycling and Dynamic Cyclist joined forces to bring you this 7-day guided program that addresses the most common muscle imbalances for cyclists with both dynamic and static exercises. Each routine is designed for cyclists to target the common issues they endure by our team of physiotherapists, athletic therapists, and personal trainers. Through easy-to-follow routines, we will target all areas of the body, and teach you how to alleviate tension and improve posture for pain free riding!

Why We Wrote It

We wrote this book to address the unique needs of cyclist’s worldwide; to help them stay healthy and injury-free. 

Cyclist’s face a number of challenges when it comes to injury prevention, and in few sports is it more important to find balance in the rest of your training. We understand how hopeless it can feel to be left with debilitating pain that keeps you off the bike, and we’re here to tell you that there is always a way to not just heal, but thrive.

Stretching and mobility are poorly understood concepts in most sports, and even more poorly practiced. By incorporating the correct stretches and mobility exercises into your routine, and giving yourself the time to open up and counteract the hours you spend on the bike, your body will be that much more prepared to tackle anything you throw at it, on or off the bike.

As cyclists, we understand the specific needs of our sport and the types of injuries we are all susceptible to on the bike. We felt we were well positioned to address those needs with a detailed, 7-day instructional program that is fun to do, easy to follow, and can be done in a condensed time period to accommodate any schedule. 

We wanted to show people how easy it is to make a difference in your own body in just 15 minutes a day. And that’s exactly what we hope this book will do for you.


torwaiphoto/Adobe Stock

How This Book Can Help You

The fact cycling keeps a person in the same positions, doing the same things, repeatedly, is both a blessing and a curse. 

The bad part about it is that, without properly implemented stretching and mobility protocols, we’re bound to develop overuse injuries that cause pain, dysfunction, and demotivation. The good part, though, is that we can tell where these problems are coming from, and systematically address them through our training.

Some of the common problems cyclist’s experience that we talk about in this book are:

  • Low Back Pain
  • Knee Pain
  • Tight Hamstrings
  • Neck Stiffness

You will learn about why these tend to develop over time as a result of cycling, the symptoms you may experience, and most importantly, what you can do to resolve the problem and get back to smooth, enjoyable riding!

While going through the routines, you’ll notice that each exercise has a supplementary benefits section that teaches you what it does for the body and why we’re including it. This helps the book to be not just a follow along workout regimen, but an educational resource that will help you train smarter and harder to become the best possible cyclist you can be.


Sidekick/Adobe Stock

Start Riding Pain Free TODAY

Sometimes a little guidance is all you need, and if you’ve been dealing with nagging pain, aching joints, and any other recurring problems on your cycling journey, this book was written for you. Accompanying the written directions are instructional photographs detailing the steps of each exercise, making it fun and easy to read through; it’s like having a workout partner right there with you at home! 

Our team of dedicated health professionals and experienced cyclists want to help you enjoy the sport you love. Invest in your health and performance, and get your copy of Ride Pain Free: Stretching & Mobility Program for Cyclists today!

What Is a Hybrid Bike? (A Beginners Guide)

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You may be a road cyclist, mountain biker, non-participant or somebody just getting into the sport of cycling. But whoever you are, it’s not at all uncommon to have posed the question upon visiting your local sporting goods store, “What is a hybrid bike?”

You may have had the experience of being one of those poor souls entering into a bike shop for the first time. It is then that you were encountered by an enthusiastic young salesman asking what kind of rig you might be in the market for.

Road? 

Mountain? 

Commuter? 

Touring? 

City? 

Hybrid? 

It can be a bit overwhelming…

Hearing the word hybrid no doubt implies the combination of some such things…all of which you know absolutely nothing about!

Well, we’ve today endeavoured to mitigate this experience to the best of our ability, by teaching you a little bit about what this style of bicycle entails, its uses, and who it might be best suited for out there in the vast landscape of buying possibilities. We hope that by the end you’re able to approach the matter in a way that makes you a little more comfortable, especially for those out there getting into cycling for the first time.

Sales associate helps a woman pick out a bike at a bike shop.

torwaiphoto/Adobe Stock

What Does “Hybrid Bike” Mean?

Hybrids are basically a blend of the two major cycling disciplines, road biking and mountain biking. They are a composite that seeks to address some of the major components of both types of bike in one, so as to create a machine that is versatile enough to accommodate activity performed on the road and on the trails.

Some of these components include the following:

Handlebars –  Hybrids typically have flat handlebars, like those of a mountain bike, as opposed to dropped handlebars like you would see on a road bike. This contributes to a more upright riding position.

Tires – Modern hybrid bikes can be fitted with several sizes and types of tires that you’ll find on both road and mountain bikes. 26” used to be the standard, but it is now common to see 27.5” and 29” as well.

Suspension – Typically hybrid bikes are limited in suspension, and some don’t have any at all. It’s not uncommon though to see front suspension forks that offer some relief if you were to head out on some light-medium duty trails.

Gears – Some hybrid bikes have only one speed (and are aptly named “single speed bikes”). Others can have a wide range of gears, which is something you’ll want to pay attention to. Less gears means less variability in intensity, which for a beginner rider can be overwhelming.

The term hybrid bikes can mean a lot of things. In general, yes, it means the combination of a road and mountain bike in one. But depending on the brand, style, etc. that hybrid bike could lean more towards a road bike or more towards a mountain bike. Let’s look at the pros and cons of this bike category to better determine if it’s going to be the right choice for you.

Hybrid bike on a trail

MarekPhotoDesign/Adobe Stock

Pros of Hybrid Bikes

If you’re someone who is just getting into bike riding (or haven’t done it in a long time), a hybrid bike is a good way to start acclimatizing your body to the sport. The more specialized you get with a bike into a particular discipline, the more aggressive the positions you’re going to be in on the bike. Different parts of your body are going to be subject to more load and intensity, and it’s going to vary depending on the specialty of your machine. 

A hybrid bike keeps you in a more upright position, which lessens the load on your hands, wrists, shoulders and lower back. Your body needs time to adapt to spending time on the bicycle, and if you eventually decide to get into road cycling, for example, your body will appreciate the time it had to strengthen itself on a hybrid before dropping into a more loaded, aerodynamic position.

The cost of a hybrid bike is another excellent benefit, and is reflective of its more generalized nature. If you were looking for the tip of the spear in terms of performance, parts and quality…you wouldn’t be buying a hybrid bike. That’s not to say they aren’t well-built and dependable pieces of technology. But it is to say that they will only take you so far in any such direction…

…which takes us to the cons.

Cons of Hybrid Bikes

By far the biggest con of a hybrid bike is going to be its limited performance. If you start to become more serious about a particular type of biking, a hybrid bike is going to quickly fail you as soon as the demands exceed its capabilities. A hybrid bike rapidly becomes just a bad road or mountain bike as soon as you venture further into one discipline or the other.

If you want to become a competitive triathlete, you better be able to ride a road bike – fast – and maybe for hours on end. If you want to rip down gnarly mountain terrain – tackling tight turns, huge drops and acute changes in speed – you better be able to harness the unique feel and frame of a high-end mountain bike. A hybrid bike just won’t cut it either way.

This can also have a troubling psychological effect, particularly on people who are getting further and further into mountain biking (which is what hybrids are often marketed for). Not knowing the potential performance metrics of your bike can be catastrophic when trying out new terrain that is more difficult than you’re used to. These types of bikes have to be treated with caution, and the trails you’re on have to always be respected for their level of difficulty.

Is a Hybrid Bike Right for You?

Hybrid bikes are perfect for people who want to cycle recreationally and on different types of terrain. They’re great for commuting and weekend rides with the family. They allow you to get into the sport at perhaps a slightly lower price point, and at the same time experience all the diversity of the outdoors, which is a major part of what makes cycling so engaging and attractive to its participants.

They help your body mold to the bike without putting it into positions that can lead to injury. This helps prepare the body for more aggressive postures that might need to be sustained in things like road racing somewhere down the line. But being more upright and taking things slow is always a good approach. The hybrid bike allows for that.

As soon as you start to become more specialized, it’s time to start looking at more specialized bikes. Not only will a more specific rig be more functional, efficient and durable for the tasks it is designed to do – it will be safer and more dependable as well. 


vit/Adobe Stock

Become a Better Cyclist!

Dynamic Cyclist is a training platform for cyclists that offers interactive, follow-along videos and programming that addresses mobility, strength, injury prevention and more! No matter what type of bike you’re riding, it’s always good to make sure your body is in check, healthy and prepared for the demands you’re about to place on it. Sign up for a 7-day free trial HERE!

How to Correctly Adjust Bike Seat Height (And Why)

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Having a proper bike seat height on your rig is one of the most important parts of your bike fit overall. You risk discomfort, pain and the eventual likelihood of injury if you decide to overlook it, and may even attribute such problems to other facets of your training and lifestyle; missing the source of them altogether.

A number of factors are going to be at play including your specific upper/lower limb proportions, the mobility of your tissues, and your functional operating output in general. It might sound like a bunch of fancy nonsense, but it really all just boils down to the unique composite and capacity of your human body.

man adjusting bike seat height

levgen Skrypko/Adobe Stock

Here is what’s going to happen, we’re going to give you some simple tips and guidelines to adjust your bike seat height the correct way. Then, we’re going to hash out the problems that come with adjusting your saddle improperly. This will, for some of you (we hope), provide answers to pains that have been recurrent or chronic throughout your cycling career.

Arming yourself with the knowledge to address problems when they arise allows you to confidently push yourself in your training and competitions. Ride long enough and you’ll get hurt, you’ll feel pain, that’s just the way it is. Better to know where you can start looking, and be self-sufficient in your recovery, than to pedal away in ignorance and be at the mercy of countless practitioners because you have nowhere else to turn.

Proper Bike Seat Height

There are a couple of handy indicators that you can easily test and look for to tell if your saddle is the right height for your body. These signs should be looked for with a partner while you’re sitting on the bike while it (the bike) is in an upright position, using a support (such as a wall) to anchor yourself, and squeezing the front brakes to remain stationary.

Slight Knee Bend 

When you’re at the bottom of your pedal stroke (6 o’clock position) there should be a slight bend in the knee, approximately 25°-30° for most people. Any more, and you’re going to place excessive loads on the anterior part of the knee. Any less, and you’ll start to overextend the leg and heighten the injury risk to the back of the knee and hip extensor muscles.

1-2 cm Heel Drop

Again, at the 6 o’clock position, but this time with your knee locked out, your heel should drop 1-2 cm below the pedal. If you can’t fully straighten your leg, you’ll have to raise the seat. If you lock out your leg but are still struggling to reach the pedal, or your heel sits even with/above the pedal, the seat will have to be lowered.

Heel Pedal Test

Put your heels on the pedals and go through a full pedal stroke. If your saddle height is properly adjusted, your knee will lock out when going through the bottom position, and your heels will stay in contact with the pedal. If your knee bends at the bottom, the saddle should be raised, and if your heels lose contact at the bottom, the saddle should be lowered.

These are a few great ways to find your saddle height with the help of a friend or by using your phone to record yourself riding. More comprehensive methods are available, but these are by far the most economical. Let’s take a look at what can happen if saddle height is ignored or just improperly aligned, and the effect it can have on a person’s body.


Ljupko Smokovski/Adobe Stock

Improper Bike Seat Height

Having your saddle too low or too high is going to place excessive loads on different parts of your body. One of the reasons a bike fit is so important is because the bike is not a natural mechanism in and of itself. It’s man-made, but we are not bike-made. These are odd positions for us to be in in the first place, so doing it in the most optimal and efficient way is important due to the prolonged and repetitive nature of our sport.

Saddle Too Low

Knee pain is one of the most common problems amongst cyclists, and having a saddle that’s too low can be a significant contributor to it. When your bike seat height is too low it shortens the range of motion of your knees, and forces you to initiate your pedal stroke from a less than optimal position that places excessive load on your patella (knee cap). This can lead to irritation and pain in the patellar and quadriceps tendons (on, below and above the front of the knee). 

A low saddle will also compress your hips and shorten the rectus femoris and psoas muscles which make up the majority of your hip flexors. This leads to chronic tightness and fatigue and can actually pull your pelvis forward into what’s called anterior pelvic tilt, often a key player in the low back pain commonly experienced by cyclists. 

The structures on your lower leg are also going to suffer significantly from a lower than optimal bike seat. Because your knee won’t be able to extend properly, the body will naturally look for more room in the ankle joint. At the bottom of your pedal stroke, the ankle will remain in an excessively dorsiflexed (toes pulled up towards the shin) position. This shortens a large muscle on the front of your shin called the tibialis anterior, and can lead to the shin pain often described as “shin splints”.

Your upper body can also be compromised, because having a seat that is too low or too far back will have you reaching inefficiently for the handlebars. The body will resort to rounding the back and shoulders to optimally balance its weight over the bike, and can be a wonderful recipe for a weak, painful back, tight chest, inefficient breathing patterns and terrible posture.

Saddle Too High

While having the saddle too low can really affect the front of your knee, having it too high can injure the back just as well. If you’re reaching for the pedals and then weight bearing with a completely locked out or even hyperextended knee, you’re putting a huge load on the internal ligaments of the knee, particularly the ACL and PCL. The hamstring tendons and upper part of the calf can also be overstretched and affected by these locked out and loaded positions.

The hips will tend to rock back and forth if your saddle height is too high, and is a common sign to look out for. The reason being is because you will rotate, tilt and sway the pelvis to try and reach the pedal on every stroke. This can contribute to lower back pain and hip pain in any cyclist who doesn’t address it promptly.

Because you won’t be able to optimally generate power through your upper leg with a high saddle, the lower leg may try to compensate, which will result in fatigue and overuse of the gastrocnemius (calf), soleus (deeper calf muscle) and tibialis anterior (shin muscle). The achilles tendon will take the brunt of all these contractions, and can eventually develop its own tendinopathy.

Having the saddle too high might also make you lean forward more than you should be while riding. This can place excessive stress on the handlebars, and lead to things like “cyclist’s palsy” (ulnar nerve compression, weakness/numbness in the outer part of the hand). This position also shortens the hip flexors, and increases the likelihood of anterior pelvic tilt which can lead to back pain.


Beaunitta Van Wyk/Adobe Stock

Bike Fit At Home

MyVeloFit is a revolutionary new app that combines the powers of computer vision and artificial intelligence to help you do your very own bike fitting at home in a matter of minutes. Whether you’re an individual or a business that specializes in bike fitting, they have a subscription model that works for you. Everything from free to a fraction of the cost of an in-person fitting! Check them out today to start feeling better on your rides!

The Reasons Behind Your Cycling Knee Pain

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The two main areas that cause cyclists the most headache are the lower back and the knee. Ride long enough and you are almost guaranteed to experience some sort of pain, discomfort or injury in one or both of these parts of the body. Today we are going to focus on the knee, why cycling knee pain occurs, and what we can do to prevent it from happening.

Man with cycling knee pain

Halfpoint/Adobe Stock

When a particular sensation is prevalent amongst athletes participating in the same sport, it can be tempting to throw the baby out with the bath water and think that the sport itself is the problem. Take running for example. A large percentage of the population believes running is bad for the human body, when in fact the evidence supports an entirely opposite hypothesis, that human beings are actually the best and most efficient runners in the animal kingdom. 

Cycling also carries some of these stereotypes. 

Because so many cyclists have knee problems, the conclusion must be that cycling is bad for your knees – right? We don’t think so. In our view, the fact that it’s a commonly experienced problem simply means that most people’s knees are not prepared to do the work that they’re doing on the bike, and/or perhaps are doing that work improperly.

Just like running, everybody thinks riding a bike is just riding a bike. Something you learned when you were a kid and kept with you for the rest of your life. How could you mess it up? But they fail to consider the differences between these two time periods. The truth is cycling as an adult is far different from riding your bike as a kid, and our bodies are quick to remind us of that through the telltale signs of pain and injury.

Let us consider these differences, and take into account everyone from beginners to professionals, by analyzing some of the causes of knee pain from cycling.

Increasing Volume Too Quickly

A classic mistake of anybody entering into a sport or trying to regain their fitness after injury is doing too much too soon. It doesn’t help that many people are recommended or even prescribed cycling as an activity that is low impact that they can do despite their lack of overall strength, health and wellness (this is the case for several elderly people, for example). 

Our sport is indeed a great way for people to get their health in check, but that doesn’t mean its unique demands on the body can be disregarded and instantly capitalized upon. You have to earn a healthy body, and the price is not small. Going from zero to 50 miles a week on your new road rig is an approach that is going to humble you very quickly.

The knees are uniquely positioned to cause you agony in this scenario. Because of the tremendous forces produced by our quadriceps (front thigh muscles) while pedaling, and our position on the bike in general, the knee joint is susceptible to the bulk of those loads being constantly transferred across it. If it has not had the time to slowly adapt to such loads, you could be in for a painful awakening. 

Cyclist’s knee is a broad term used for conditions such as patellofemoral pain syndrome, patellar compression syndrome, patellar tendinitis, and a host of other names that are describing pain on the front of the knee, just below or above the kneecap, and even inside the knee joint itself. Often increasing with use and subsiding with rest. 

It is outside the scope of this article to go into each of these with detail, but it should be noted that they can all be exacerbated by an unprepared knee that the athlete is asking too much of in their training. Like any sport, jumping on the bike is going to have you using your muscles in new ways you’re not used to. You have to give the body time to adapt to these new demands, by slowly and thoughtfully increasing training volume when it is ready to do so.

knee anatomy

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Weak Hips

A sport can be looked at as a more advanced level of physical activity, just like going to university is a more advanced level of education. To get into university, there are prerequisites; the attainment of certain grades or passing of certain exams, for example. In sports, there are also prerequisites, we just don’t usually consider them before participating. 

One of these prerequisites for a new or current cyclist should be having strong hips. Having strong hips not only stabilizes the pelvis and contributes greatly to the overall function of the body, it also helps keep the knees in good alignment. Strong hips are not going to develop on the bike, however, adding to the importance of this particular tip.

Hip abduction (moving the leg away from the midline) and hip extension (moving the leg behind you) are severely limited when cycling. The saddle immobilizes the pelvis, and the degree to which your hips flex and extend is nowhere near their full range of motion. This, played out over a long enough period of time, is likely to get us hurt.

When doing a squat, for example, one of the functions of your glute (butt) muscles is to keep your knees from collapsing inward. In fact, a common cue when having someone squat is telling them, “push your knees out”, this activates the gluteals and helps you maintain balance and activation in the hips when squatting. If you see a person’s knees falling inwards during a light-moderate intensity squat, they likely have weakness in their hips.

Why does this matter for cyclists? If you have weak hips, your knee is likely collapsing inward while you pedal. This is a problem, because you are going to further exacerbate this imbalance the more you ride your bike, and this can lead to your muscles developing improperly, pulling structures like your patella (kneecap) out of alignment. 

Supplementing your time on the bike with a balanced strength and conditioning program is going to help ensure that you maintain balance throughout your body, and reduce the chances of your cycling causing knee pain down the line.


Rido/Adobe Stock

Saddle Height

Your bike fit can have a tremendous amount of influence over how your body feels and functions while riding. The saddle height in particular can be a culprit when it comes to cycling knee pain, because the loads on, and angles of, your knee are going to be different depending on where your seat is positioned. 

Having a seat that is too low is going to be the most detrimental when it comes to developing pain in the front, sides and inside the knee. This is because it’s going to keep your knee in a more bent position throughout the whole pedal stroke, and you’re going to be pushing from a mechanically disadvantaged position that puts huge force right through the knee joint. This also leads to quicker fatigue and overall breakdown of form in the athlete.

Having your seat too high isn’t good either, however, because now you’re going to be at risk of hyperextending the leg, and putting excessive strain on the internal ligaments of the knee (ACL/PCL) as well as the hamstring tendons and calf musculature in the back of your leg. The lower leg will also take more load than necessary, putting tissues like the achilles tendon at risk of developing further problems.

A correct saddle height will leave you with a slightly bent knee at the 6 o’clock pedal position. If you straighten your leg in this position your heel would drop 1-2 cm below the pedal. This position keeps the knee stable, and allows enough extension to properly utilize the force of the quadriceps, hamstrings and lower leg, but not too much to overextend and strain the ligaments of the knee.

Knee Rehab Program for Cyclists

Looking for a program that will help you address the muscle imbalance that is likely causing your knee pain? Dynamic Cyclist is an online training platform designed to help cyclists become stronger and faster while riding pain free for years to come. Complete your regimen with an all-inclusive program that addresses mobility, flexibility, strength and injury prevention, all for a fraction of the cost of one physiotherapy appointment. Try out their 6 Week Functional Rehab Program and experience the results for yourself. Click here to try 7 days free!

How to Eradicate Shin Splints in Cyclists

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“Shin Splints” is a term often used to describe any sort of pain that runs along the lateral part of the shin bone. It usually starts to occur after prolonged activity and/or training in sports that involve a lot of impact, running or other repetitive movements. Shin splints and cycling have an interesting relationship, because cyclists experience very different forces through the lower leg as opposed to someone like a runner. 

Even more interesting, the two sports often overlap, with participants cross training in each for triathlons or the complementary health benefits in general. This leaves the often undertrained area of the shin vulnerable to excessive impacts and contractions it might not necessarily be prepared for.

woman with a shin splint

lzf/Adobe Stock

What Causes Shin Splints?

If we think about shin splints as pain along either side of the shin bone, it begs the question…

“What is causing the pain?” 

The answer is, it could be a number of things. 

While many people think this pain is primarily caused by tiny stress fractures in the shin bone (tibia) itself, this is actually unlikely, especially for cyclists, because the impact on your lower leg while riding is very minimal. There are several other lines of defense if you will that tend to be the culprits in a condition like this that develops over time. 

Your body uses pain to alert you to a problem that needs addressing, and the muscles of the lower leg are likely to be causing these problems far before the integrity of your shin bone is compromised.

Lower Leg Muscles & Shin Pain While Cycling

When people train the lower leg (and this includes cyclists), they often focus only on the back of it, where your calf muscles are located. Your calf muscles are responsible for plantar flexion, i.e. pointing the toes down. You use these muscles repeatedly while cycling, every time you press down on the pedal (particularly near the end of your downward stroke).

The front of your lower leg also has a huge muscle which performs the opposite function, dorsiflexion, i.e. lifting the toes up. This muscle is called your tibialis anterior, and it runs from just below your knee joint all the way down your shin before actually wrapping underneath the arch of your foot. All that to say, it has significant influence over a number of areas in your body.

tibialis anterior

maya2008/Adobe Stock

As you can see from the image above, dysfunction in the tibialis anterior might cause pain at the knee, at the ankle/foot and anywhere in between. It’s a muscle that can get incredibly overworked in our day to day lives and activities of all kinds, including cycling. Because of its function to lift up the foot, we are constantly using it unknowingly while walking, running and even pedaling.

Everytime you swing your back leg forward while walking or running, your tibialis anterior is the muscle that lifts the foot to avoid it from hitting the ground. Everytime you press through the first half of the downstroke and start to transition to the upstroke, the tibialis anterior becomes engaged (especially if you’re wearing cycling shoes or are strapped into a stationary bike).

The countless times that the tibialis anterior will contract leaves it open to overuse and irritation if it’s not prepared for that kind of exertion. As previously mentioned, because of our neglect for this part of the lower leg, this often seems to be the case in individuals who develop shin pain while cycling. 

Another function of this muscle is to help us decelerate when walking, landing from a jump or running. It absorbs a huge percentage of our impact and helps us to slow down, change direction and also to keep us from overextending in the direction of inertia. This is one of the key reasons why runners develop pain in their shins, and could be a factor in cyclists who experience shin pain and also cross train with running.

How Do I Prevent Shin Pain While Cycling?

There are two things that commonly need to happen in any athlete who is experiencing shin pain. One is to stretch and mobilize the area so it can relax and better receive blood flow and nutrients. And two is to strengthen it to the point where it can handle the forces you’re asking it to absorb so you can continue your sport without irritation and injury. 

Stretch

Here is a simple ankle/shin stretch from one of our daily stretching and mobility routines available at Dynamic Cyclist. This routine focuses on the calf and ankle. We have hundreds of routines available like this for every area of the body to address mobility, strength and injury prevention for all levels of cyclists.

Strengthen

An easy way to strengthen your tibialis anterior muscles is by performing an exercise called Tibialis Raises. It involves leaning flat against a wall with your heels slightly away from the wall (the farther from the wall the harder this will be). While keeping your legs locked straight, lift your toes up as high as you can, slowly lower, and repeat. 

Performing high repetitions of this exercise (20-25 rep sets) will train your shin muscles to work under load, and will strengthen them up to be able to better handle the repetitive nature of pedaling and any other exercise/activity you might involve yourself in.

Do You Want to Become a Better Cyclist?

Dynamic Cyclist offers comprehensive, all-inclusive, balanced programming designed specifically for cyclists. Our mission for ourselves and everyone in our community is to ride pain free, and we do that by addressing strength imbalances and mobility restrictions that hinder cycling performance in a systematic and well thought out way. 

If you’ve ever wanted to take the guesswork out of your training and be part of something professional and easy to follow, try signing up with us for FREE with a 7-day trial that you can find here! 

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